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Daily Carbohydrate Guidelines for Physical Activity and Recovery
Activity Type & Frequency | Training Description | Suggested Carbohydrate Intake |
---|---|---|
Light activity / technical skill work | Low-intensity movements lasting 30–60 minutes, performed 3–4 times weekly | 3–5 g/kg/day |
Routine moderate training | Continuous moderate effort, approximately 1 hour per session | 5–7 g/kg/day |
Regular endurance sessions | Sustained aerobic activity lasting 1–3 hours daily | 6–10 g/kg/day |
Intensive multi-hour training | Endurance-focused workouts exceeding 4 hours per day | 8–12 g/kg/day |
High-load weekly training volume | 3–6 hours of exercise daily, often in 1–2 sessions, 5–6 times per week | 8–10 g/kg/day |
Intermediate to advanced training routine | 2–3 hours of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, 5–6 days per week | 5–8 g/kg/day |
Strength-trained athletes (goal-specific) | Resistance-focused training; adjust based on energy goal: • Weight loss with reduced volume • Maintenance with moderate volume • Mass gain with high volume |
4–7 g/kg/day, adjusted by goal: • Weight loss: 4–5 g/kg/day • Maintenance: 4–7 g/kg/day • Mass gain: 6–7 g/kg/day |
Accelerated recovery needs | When time between two strenuous workouts is under 8 hours | 1–1.2 g/kg/hour (during recovery) |
Adapted from: Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SHS, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrates for training and competition. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(suppl 1):S17–S27. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.585473; and Mota JA, Nuckols G, Smith-Ryan AE. Nutritional periodization: applications for the strength athlete. Strength Cond J. 2019;41(6):69–78. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000472.
Protein Intake Recommendations for Athletes (Protein-Specific)
Athlete Type | Training Duration/Load | Protein Requirement (g/kg/day) | Additional Notes |
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Endurance Athletes (e.g. long distance runners, cyclists) | Low to Moderate (<1 hour) | 1.2 – 1.4 | Supports maintenance and recovery during lower intensity/duration |
Endurance Athletes (e.g. long distance runners, cyclists) | Moderate to High (1–1.5 hours) | 1.4 – 1.6 | Higher needs for muscle repair, immune support during longer sessions |
Endurance Athletes (e.g. long distance runners, cyclists) | High, High Intensity (>1.5 hours) | 1.6 – 1.8 | |
Resistance-trained Athletes (e.g. weightlifters, powerlifters) | Normal Training Volume | 1.4 – 2.0 | Supports muscle growth and repair |
Resistance-trained Athletes (e.g. weightlifters, powerlifters) | Increasing Training Volume | 1.6 – 2.4 | Supports increased protein turnover with higher training stress |
Resistance-trained Athletes (e.g. weightlifters, powerlifters) | Decreasing Training Volume | 1.2 – 1.8 | Slightly reduced needs matching lowered volume and energy intake |
Athletes in Weight Loss Phase | Hypocaloric, Maintain Lean Mass | 1.6 – 2.4 | Higher protein to preserve muscle during calorie deficit |
Athletes in Weight Gain Phase | Caloric Surplus | 1.2 – 1.8 | Support muscle hypertrophy while gaining lean mass |
Adapted from: Phillips SM, Van Loon LJC. Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(suppl 1):S29–S38. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.619204; and Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:20. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8.
Fat Intake Recommendations for Athletes
Source / Organization | Recommended Fat Intake (% of Total Energy) | Additional Notes |
---|---|---|
International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) | 20–35% | General recommendation for athletes; ensures essential fat intake. |
World Health Organization (WHO) | 15–30% | General population guideline; may be low for high-performance athletes. |
Endurance Athletes | 20–25% | Emphasize carbohydrates but ensure adequate fat for essential functions. |
Strength/Power Athletes | 20–35% | Higher energy needs; quality of fat (unsaturated fats) is important. |
Minimum Recommended Intake | ≥20% | Below this may impair vitamin absorption, hormone production, and performance. |
Optimal Range (for most athletes) | 20–35% | Balanced to support performance, recovery, and overall health. |
Cited References (Adapted From):
1. Kerksick, C.M., et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutrient Timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(33). https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/
2. World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Healthy diet: Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news/item/17-07-2023-who-updates-guidelines-on-fats-and-carbohydrates
3. Jeukendrup, A., & Gleeson, M. (2018). Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance (3rd ed.).
4. Burke, L., & Deakin, V. (2015). Clinical Sports Nutrition (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
5. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, & American College of Sports Medicine. (2016). Nutrition and Athletic Performance: Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 116(3):501–528.
6. Colorado State University Extension. (2021). Nutrition for Athletes. https://extension.colostate.edu
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